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E-LEARNING

Knowledgebase

Knowledge is most powerful when it is shared without limits. At Lemon Web Solutions, we are built on a simple premise: learning should be freely available to anyone with the drive to discover. To make this vision real, we create accessible e-learning resources that fuel curiosity and equip future innovators with practical digital skills.

Free Access Self-Paced Practical IT Skills
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Life is about giving back, and learning is about moving forward. May a slice of Lemon bring you new insight...

Web Development
HTML Fundamentals for Beginners

Learn how webpages are structured and build a strong foundation using essential HTML elements, attributes, tables, forms and semantic markup.

Beginner
Course Overview

Build your first solid foundation in HTML

HTML is the foundation of every webpage on the internet. It provides the structure that allows browsers to display text, images, links, tables, forms and other content in an organised way. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn the essential concepts of HTML, understand how a basic webpage is constructed and practise using common HTML elements and attributes. By the end of the course, you will be able to create a simple, well-structured and accessible webpage of your own.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what HTML is and how it is used to structure webpages.
  • Identify the basic structure of an HTML document.
  • Use common HTML elements such as headings, paragraphs, line breaks and horizontal lines.
  • Create simple tables using rows, columns and headings.
  • Build basic forms with text fields, labels, buttons, checkboxes and radio buttons.
  • Use semantic elements such as <header>, <nav>, <main>, <section>, <article> and <footer>.
  • Apply HTML attributes such as id, class, href, src, title and target.
  • Organise HTML code using proper indentation and comments.
  • Identify and correct common HTML syntax errors.
  • Create a complete basic webpage using valid HTML.
  • Understand the importance of accessibility and meaningful page structure.
Start with the fundamentals and learn through clear, practical examples at your own pace.
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Graphic Design
How to Trace an Image Logo into a Vector

Learn how to accurately recreate a raster logo as a clean, scalable vector using paths, anchor points, Bézier curves, shape construction and professional export techniques.

Advance
Course Overview

Transform a raster logo into a clean and scalable vector

Image logos downloaded from websites, scanned documents or older design files are often available only as raster images such as JPG or PNG. These formats are made from pixels and can become blurry when enlarged. In this advanced course, you will learn how to manually trace an image logo and rebuild it as a precise vector graphic. You will work with paths, anchor points, Bézier curves, geometric shapes, colour sampling, typography and layer organisation to reproduce the original design accurately. You will also learn how to refine the completed artwork and export it in suitable formats such as SVG, EPS and PDF for printing, branding and digital use.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain the difference between raster images and vector graphics.
  • Evaluate whether a logo should be traced automatically or recreated manually.
  • Prepare and position a reference image for accurate vector tracing.
  • Use the Pen Tool to create straight lines, curves and closed vector paths.
  • Control anchor points and Bézier handles to produce smooth and accurate curves.
  • Reconstruct logo elements using circles, rectangles, polygons and other geometric shapes.
  • Combine, subtract, intersect and divide shapes using pathfinder operations.
  • Trace symmetrical logo elements efficiently using reflection and alignment techniques.
  • Recreate outlines, strokes, rounded corners and consistent line weights.
  • Sample and reproduce colours from the original logo accurately.
  • Identify fonts and recreate logo typography when editable text is unavailable.
  • Convert text into vector outlines for reliable sharing and printing.
  • Organise vector artwork using properly named layers and grouped objects.
  • Remove unnecessary anchor points and simplify paths without affecting visual quality.
  • Inspect the recreated logo at different sizes to identify tracing inconsistencies.
  • Create monochrome, reversed and simplified variations of the completed logo.
  • Export the finished vector logo in SVG, EPS and PDF formats.
  • Prepare optimised PNG versions with transparent backgrounds for digital use.
  • Maintain accurate proportions, spacing and alignment throughout the recreation process.
  • Produce a professional vector logo that remains sharp at any size.
Develop professional vector-tracing skills through a structured recreation process focused on accuracy, clean paths and scalable results.
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Web Development
Guide to Publish a Website to cPanel

Learn how to upload, configure and publish a website using cPanel, including domain setup, File Manager, databases, permissions, SSL and deployment troubleshooting.

Intermediate
Course Overview

Publish and configure a website using cPanel

Building a website is only the first step. To make it accessible on the internet, the website must be uploaded to a web-hosting server and configured correctly. In this intermediate course, you will learn how to publish a website using cPanel, one of the most widely used web-hosting control panels. You will work with domains, File Manager, FTP accounts, the public_html directory, databases, file permissions, SSL certificates and common server settings. You will also learn how to diagnose and resolve common deployment problems such as broken links, missing files, database connection errors and incorrect folder structures.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain the purpose of web hosting, domains and cPanel.
  • Log in to cPanel securely using the hosting provider's control-panel address.
  • Identify important cPanel sections used for website deployment and management.
  • Understand the purpose of the public_html directory.
  • Prepare website files and folders before uploading them to the server.
  • Compress website files into a ZIP archive for faster uploading.
  • Upload and extract website files using cPanel File Manager.
  • Upload and manage website files using an FTP client.
  • Ensure the homepage uses a recognised filename such as index.html or index.php.
  • Configure the correct folder structure for a primary domain, subdomain or addon domain.
  • Create a MySQL database and database user through cPanel.
  • Assign the required privileges to a database user.
  • Import an existing database using phpMyAdmin.
  • Update website configuration files with the correct database credentials.
  • Configure file and folder permissions without exposing sensitive files.
  • Enable an SSL certificate and redirect website traffic from HTTP to HTTPS.
  • Verify that images, stylesheets, scripts and internal links load correctly.
  • Identify and correct case-sensitive filename and path errors.
  • Use cPanel error logs to investigate website problems.
  • Resolve common errors such as 403 Forbidden, 404 Not Found and 500 Internal Server Error.
  • Create a backup of website files and databases before making major changes.
  • Replace or update an existing website without affecting unrelated files.
  • Test the published website on desktop and mobile browsers.
  • Apply basic security practices when managing cPanel accounts and hosting credentials.
Learn the complete deployment process and confidently move a website from your local computer to a live cPanel hosting environment.
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Web Development
WordPress for Beginners

Learn how to build and manage a WordPress website using themes, plugins, pages, posts, menus, media and essential website settings.

Beginner
Course Overview

Build and manage your first WordPress website

WordPress is a popular content management system that allows users to create and manage websites without writing every page from scratch. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn how to navigate the WordPress dashboard, configure important website settings and create content using pages, posts, categories and media. You will also explore themes, plugins, menus, widgets, user accounts and basic website maintenance. By the end of the course, you will be able to create, customise and manage a functional WordPress website with a clear structure and professional appearance.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what WordPress is and how a content management system works.
  • Understand the difference between WordPress.org and WordPress.com.
  • Log in to the WordPress administration dashboard securely.
  • Navigate the main sections of the WordPress dashboard.
  • Configure the website title, tagline, language, timezone and general settings.
  • Create, edit, publish and delete WordPress pages.
  • Create and manage blog posts using categories and tags.
  • Use the WordPress block editor to arrange text, images, buttons and other content.
  • Upload, organise and manage images and files through the Media Library.
  • Add alternative text, captions and descriptions to images.
  • Install, activate, customise and remove WordPress themes.
  • Use the WordPress Customizer or Site Editor to adjust website appearance.
  • Create and organise navigation menus.
  • Configure the homepage and blog page settings.
  • Install, activate, update and remove WordPress plugins.
  • Understand the purpose of common plugin types such as security, backup, SEO and contact-form plugins.
  • Add and configure widgets or block-based website sections.
  • Create and manage administrator, editor, author, contributor and subscriber accounts.
  • Understand WordPress user roles and their permissions.
  • Configure readable permalink structures for pages and posts.
  • Create internal and external links within website content.
  • Preview and test website changes before publishing them.
  • Update WordPress core, themes and plugins safely.
  • Create basic backups before making major website changes.
  • Apply basic security practices to protect the WordPress administration area.
  • Identify and resolve common beginner issues such as broken menus, missing images and plugin conflicts.
  • Review the website on desktop, tablet and mobile screen sizes.
  • Build and publish a complete basic WordPress website.
Learn the essential WordPress tools and build your first website through clear, practical and beginner-friendly steps.
Start Learning
Web Development
Joomla for Beginners

Learn how to build and manage a Joomla website using articles, categories, menus, modules, templates, extensions and essential website settings.

Beginner
Course Overview

Build and manage your first Joomla website

Joomla is a flexible content management system that allows you to create and manage websites through an administration dashboard without building every page manually. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn how to navigate the Joomla administrator area, configure important website settings and organise content using articles and categories. You will also explore menus, modules, templates, extensions, media management and user accounts. By the end of the course, you will be able to build, customise and maintain a functional Joomla website with an organised structure and professional appearance.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what Joomla is and how a content management system works.
  • Understand the main differences between a Joomla frontend and administrator area.
  • Log in to the Joomla administrator dashboard securely.
  • Navigate the main sections of the Joomla administrator interface.
  • Configure the website name, description, timezone, language and global settings.
  • Create, edit, publish, unpublish, archive and delete Joomla articles.
  • Organise articles using categories and subcategories.
  • Use the Joomla article editor to format text, add links and arrange content.
  • Upload, organise and manage images and documents through the Media Manager.
  • Add alternative text and captions to images for improved accessibility.
  • Create and manage main menus and secondary menus.
  • Connect menu items to articles, categories, external links and other content types.
  • Set a menu item as the website homepage.
  • Create and configure modules such as menus, custom content, login forms and breadcrumbs.
  • Assign modules to specific template positions and selected pages.
  • Understand the differences between components, modules, plugins and templates.
  • Install, enable, disable, update and remove Joomla extensions.
  • Install and configure a Joomla template.
  • Change basic template settings, layouts and visual options.
  • Create and manage administrator and frontend user accounts.
  • Understand Joomla user groups, access levels and permissions.
  • Configure search engine friendly URLs and basic metadata.
  • Create internal and external links within Joomla articles.
  • Use featured articles to display selected content on the homepage.
  • Clear Joomla cache after making website changes.
  • Update Joomla core and installed extensions safely.
  • Create basic backups before performing major updates or configuration changes.
  • Apply basic security practices to protect the Joomla administrator area.
  • Identify and resolve common beginner issues such as missing menu items, unpublished articles and incorrectly assigned modules.
  • Review the website on desktop, tablet and mobile screen sizes.
  • Build and publish a complete basic Joomla website.
Learn the essential Joomla tools and create your first website through clear, practical and beginner-friendly steps.
Start Learning
Server & Network
Setting Up a Home Network

Learn how to connect, configure and secure a basic home network using a modem, router, Wi-Fi, Ethernet and essential network settings.

Beginner
Course Overview

Build a secure and reliable network for your home

A home network allows computers, smartphones, televisions, printers and other devices to connect to the internet and communicate with one another. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn how common networking equipment such as modems, routers, switches, wireless access points and Ethernet cables work together. You will also learn how to connect devices, configure Wi-Fi settings, understand basic IP addressing, secure the network and troubleshoot common connection problems. By the end of the course, you will be able to set up and maintain a simple, secure and reliable home network.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what a home network is and why it is useful.
  • Identify common network devices such as modems, routers, switches and wireless access points.
  • Understand the difference between an internet connection and a local area network.
  • Explain the difference between wired Ethernet and wireless Wi-Fi connections.
  • Connect a modem or internet gateway to a wireless router.
  • Connect computers, televisions, printers and mobile devices to the home network.
  • Access the router administration page using a web browser.
  • Change the router administrator username and password.
  • Create a recognisable Wi-Fi network name or SSID.
  • Configure a strong Wi-Fi password using modern wireless security settings.
  • Understand the differences between the 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz and 6 GHz Wi-Fi bands.
  • Select an appropriate Wi-Fi band based on range, speed and device compatibility.
  • Position a wireless router to improve signal coverage throughout the home.
  • Recognise common sources of Wi-Fi interference and weak signal strength.
  • Understand the basic purpose of IP addresses, subnet masks, gateways and DNS servers.
  • Explain how DHCP automatically assigns network settings to connected devices.
  • View the IP address and connection status of a computer or mobile device.
  • Create a separate guest Wi-Fi network for visitors.
  • Keep smart-home and Internet of Things devices separated where supported.
  • Enable the router firewall and disable unnecessary remote-management features.
  • Update router firmware to improve security, stability and performance.
  • Connect devices using Ethernet cables for more stable network performance.
  • Use a network switch when additional wired connections are required.
  • Share a printer or other supported device across the local network.
  • Test the network connection using basic commands such as ping and ipconfig.
  • Identify whether a connection problem affects one device, the local network or the internet service.
  • Resolve common issues such as incorrect passwords, weak signals, duplicate IP addresses and disconnected cables.
  • Restart network equipment in the correct order during troubleshooting.
  • Document important network information such as device names, Wi-Fi settings and router addresses.
  • Apply basic security practices to protect the home network from unauthorised access.
Learn how to connect your devices, improve Wi-Fi coverage and protect your home network through practical beginner-friendly steps.
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Server & Network
Setting Up VLAN Segmentation

Learn how to design, configure and secure VLANs using managed switches, trunk links, access ports, subnets, DHCP scopes, inter-VLAN routing and access-control policies.

Advance
Course Overview

Design and implement secure VLAN-based network segmentation

Virtual Local Area Networks, commonly known as VLANs, allow administrators to divide a physical network into separate logical network segments. This improves security, performance and manageability by controlling how devices communicate across departments, services and device groups. In this advanced course, you will learn how to plan a VLAN structure, configure managed-switch ports, create tagged trunk links, assign IP subnets, configure DHCP scopes and enable controlled inter-VLAN routing. You will also learn how to apply access-control rules, isolate sensitive systems and troubleshoot common VLAN connectivity problems.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what a VLAN is and how it differs from a physical LAN.
  • Describe how VLAN segmentation improves network security and performance.
  • Identify suitable systems, departments and device groups for network separation.
  • Develop a VLAN plan containing VLAN IDs, names, subnets and gateway addresses.
  • Understand the relationship between VLANs, IP subnets and broadcast domains.
  • Configure VLANs on a managed network switch.
  • Assign access ports to the correct VLAN.
  • Configure tagged trunk ports between switches, routers, firewalls and wireless access points.
  • Understand the difference between tagged and untagged network traffic.
  • Configure the native VLAN appropriately on supported network equipment.
  • Avoid using the default VLAN for sensitive or production network traffic.
  • Create dedicated VLANs for users, servers, management devices, guests, printers, CCTV and Internet of Things devices.
  • Assign a unique IP subnet and default gateway to each VLAN.
  • Create separate DHCP scopes for multiple VLANs.
  • Configure DHCP relay when the DHCP server is located on another network segment.
  • Enable inter-VLAN routing through a Layer 3 switch, router or firewall.
  • Understand the router-on-a-stick network design.
  • Apply firewall policies or access-control lists between VLANs.
  • Allow only required services and communication paths between network segments.
  • Prevent guest-network devices from accessing internal systems.
  • Restrict access to the network-management VLAN.
  • Isolate servers and sensitive systems from standard user devices.
  • Integrate wireless SSIDs with their corresponding VLANs.
  • Verify VLAN membership, trunk configuration and port status.
  • Test communication within the same VLAN and across different VLANs.
  • Use commands such as ping, tracert and ipconfig during troubleshooting.
  • Diagnose incorrect VLAN assignments, missing tags and trunk-port mismatches.
  • Resolve DHCP, gateway and DNS problems affecting segmented networks.
  • Identify native-VLAN and allowed-VLAN configuration inconsistencies.
  • Document VLAN IDs, subnets, switch ports, gateways and access-control rules.
  • Back up switch, router and firewall configurations before making major changes.
  • Implement VLAN changes gradually to reduce the risk of network disruption.
  • Review segmentation rules regularly as devices and business requirements change.
  • Design a scalable VLAN structure suitable for a small or medium-sized organisation.
Build a more secure and manageable network by separating devices and services into controlled VLAN segments.
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Desktop Computing
Build Your Own Computer

Learn how to select compatible computer components, assemble a desktop PC, configure BIOS or UEFI settings, install an operating system and troubleshoot common hardware issues.

Intermediate
Course Overview

Assemble and configure your own desktop computer

Building your own computer gives you greater control over performance, features, upgrade options and budget. In this intermediate course, you will learn how the major components of a desktop computer work together and how to select compatible hardware based on your intended use. You will assemble the processor, motherboard, memory, storage, cooling system, power supply and graphics card inside a computer case while following proper handling and anti-static precautions. You will also learn how to perform the first startup, configure BIOS or UEFI settings, install an operating system, install device drivers and troubleshoot common hardware problems.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain the purpose of the major components inside a desktop computer.
  • Identify the roles of the processor, motherboard, memory, storage, graphics card and power supply.
  • Determine the type of computer required for office work, gaming, content creation or general use.
  • Plan a suitable computer specification based on performance requirements and budget.
  • Check processor and motherboard socket compatibility.
  • Select a compatible motherboard form factor for the chosen computer case.
  • Choose compatible memory based on type, speed, capacity and motherboard support.
  • Compare hard disk drives, SATA solid-state drives and NVMe solid-state drives.
  • Select an appropriate graphics card based on performance, physical size and power requirements.
  • Estimate the required power-supply capacity for the selected components.
  • Choose an appropriate CPU cooler and understand basic cooling requirements.
  • Prepare a safe and organised workspace before assembling the computer.
  • Apply proper anti-static precautions when handling computer components.
  • Install the processor correctly without damaging the socket or contact points.
  • Apply thermal paste and install the processor cooler correctly.
  • Install memory modules in the recommended motherboard slots.
  • Install M.2, SATA and other supported storage devices.
  • Install the motherboard standoffs and secure the motherboard inside the case.
  • Install and secure the power supply inside the computer case.
  • Connect motherboard, processor, storage and graphics-card power cables correctly.
  • Connect the case power button, reset button, indicator lights and front-panel ports.
  • Install a dedicated graphics card into the correct expansion slot.
  • Arrange cables to improve airflow and simplify future maintenance.
  • Inspect all connections before switching on the computer for the first time.
  • Perform the first startup and recognise a successful Power-On Self-Test.
  • Access and navigate the motherboard BIOS or UEFI interface.
  • Verify that the processor, memory, storage devices and cooling fans are detected.
  • Enable the correct memory profile where supported.
  • Configure boot-device priority for operating-system installation.
  • Create and use a bootable operating-system installation drive.
  • Install an operating system on the completed computer.
  • Install motherboard, graphics, network, audio and other device drivers.
  • Apply operating-system and firmware updates after installation.
  • Monitor processor and graphics-card temperatures during initial testing.
  • Test memory, storage and overall system stability.
  • Troubleshoot a computer that powers on but does not display an image.
  • Identify common causes of boot failure, unexpected shutdowns and hardware-detection problems.
  • Recognise motherboard diagnostic lights, beep codes and error indicators.
  • Document the final hardware specification, serial numbers and warranty information.
  • Plan future upgrades for memory, storage, cooling and graphics performance.
  • Maintain the computer through regular cleaning, updates and hardware inspections.
Develop practical hardware skills by selecting, assembling, configuring and testing a complete desktop computer.
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Server & Network
Deploying a Windows Server Domain Controller

Learn how to prepare Windows Server, install Active Directory Domain Services, create a new domain, configure DNS and manage users, computers, groups and Group Policy.

Intermediate
Course Overview

Build and manage a Windows Server Active Directory domain

A domain controller provides centralised authentication, identity management and access control for computers and users within an organisation. In this intermediate course, you will learn how to prepare a Windows Server installation, configure a static IP address, install Active Directory Domain Services and promote the server as a domain controller. You will also learn how to create an Active Directory forest and domain, configure DNS, organise directory objects, join computers to the domain and apply Group Policy settings. By the end of the course, you will be able to deploy and manage a functional Windows Server domain environment.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain the purpose of a Windows Server domain controller.
  • Describe how Active Directory Domain Services provides centralised identity and access management.
  • Understand the roles of domains, forests, trees and organisational units.
  • Identify the hardware, software and network requirements for a domain controller.
  • Install Windows Server on a physical server or virtual machine.
  • Rename the server using a clear and consistent naming convention.
  • Configure a static IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS settings.
  • Apply Windows Server updates before deploying server roles.
  • Install the Active Directory Domain Services server role.
  • Promote Windows Server to a domain controller.
  • Create a new Active Directory forest and root domain.
  • Select an appropriate internal Active Directory domain name.
  • Configure the Directory Services Restore Mode password securely.
  • Understand the purpose of the Active Directory database and SYSVOL folder.
  • Verify that the Active Directory deployment completed successfully.
  • Confirm that the required Active Directory and DNS services are running.
  • Use Active Directory Users and Computers to manage directory objects.
  • Create organisational units for users, computers, departments and administrative roles.
  • Create and manage domain user accounts.
  • Create security groups and assign users using role-based access principles.
  • Understand the differences between security groups and distribution groups.
  • Apply appropriate group scopes such as Domain Local, Global and Universal.
  • Reset passwords, unlock accounts and configure account restrictions.
  • Create computer accounts and join Windows computers to the domain.
  • Verify that domain users can authenticate from joined computers.
  • Configure DNS forwarders for external name resolution.
  • Create and manage DNS forward and reverse lookup zones.
  • Verify Active Directory DNS records and service-location records.
  • Use Group Policy Management to create and manage Group Policy Objects.
  • Link Group Policy Objects to domains and organisational units.
  • Apply basic password, account-lockout and security policies.
  • Deploy desktop, firewall and system settings using Group Policy.
  • Use commands such as gpupdate and gpresult to test Group Policy.
  • Delegate selected Active Directory administrative tasks without granting full administrator access.
  • Understand the importance of using separate administrative and standard user accounts.
  • Review Active Directory events through Windows Event Viewer.
  • Use tools such as dcdiag and nslookup to verify domain-controller health.
  • Troubleshoot common domain-join, DNS, authentication and Group Policy problems.
  • Configure time synchronisation for reliable domain authentication.
  • Back up the domain controller and Active Directory system state.
  • Understand the purpose of a secondary domain controller and Active Directory replication.
  • Document the domain structure, server configuration, DNS settings and administrative accounts.
  • Apply basic security and maintenance practices to protect the domain environment.
Develop practical Windows Server administration skills by deploying a centralised and manageable Active Directory domain environment.
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Server & Network
What Is DHCP

Learn how DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses and other network settings to computers, smartphones, printers and connected devices.

Beginner
Course Overview

Understand how devices receive their network settings automatically

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, commonly known as DHCP, is a network service that automatically provides connected devices with the information they need to communicate on a network. This normally includes an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server addresses. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn how DHCP works, understand the process used by devices to request network settings and explore important concepts such as scopes, address pools, leases, exclusions and reservations. You will also learn how to view DHCP information on a computer and troubleshoot common problems when a device cannot obtain a valid IP address.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what DHCP is and why it is used in computer networks.
  • Describe how DHCP reduces the need to configure devices manually.
  • Identify common devices that can provide DHCP services, including routers and servers.
  • Understand the difference between a DHCP client and a DHCP server.
  • Explain the purpose of an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway and DNS server.
  • Describe how DHCP provides network settings to computers and other connected devices.
  • Understand the DHCP Discover, Offer, Request and Acknowledge process.
  • Recognise the DHCP process by the abbreviation DORA.
  • Explain what a DHCP scope is.
  • Understand how an address pool defines the range of IP addresses available to clients.
  • Explain the purpose of DHCP exclusions.
  • Understand what a DHCP lease is and why leases have an expiry period.
  • Explain how devices renew their DHCP leases.
  • Understand the purpose of a DHCP reservation.
  • Recognise when a reservation is useful for printers, servers and network devices.
  • Understand the difference between a dynamically assigned IP address and a static IP address.
  • Identify situations where static IP addresses may be more appropriate.
  • View the assigned IP address and DHCP status on a Windows computer.
  • Use the ipconfig command to view network configuration information.
  • Use ipconfig /release to release a DHCP-assigned address.
  • Use ipconfig /renew to request a new DHCP lease.
  • Recognise an Automatic Private IP Addressing address such as 169.254.x.x.
  • Understand why a device may receive an Automatic Private IP Addressing address.
  • Identify common causes of DHCP failure, including disconnected cables, Wi-Fi problems and unavailable DHCP services.
  • Check whether the DHCP server has available IP addresses remaining in its scope.
  • Recognise problems caused by duplicate IP addresses.
  • Understand how incorrect DHCP options can affect internet access and name resolution.
  • Explain the role of DHCP relay when clients and servers are on different network segments.
  • Understand how VLANs may require separate DHCP scopes.
  • Test connectivity after receiving a DHCP address using commands such as ping.
  • Identify whether a network problem is related to DHCP, DNS, the gateway or internet connectivity.
  • Apply basic troubleshooting steps when a device cannot obtain a valid network configuration.
Learn how DHCP simplifies network configuration and keeps connected devices communicating with the correct IP settings.
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Web Development
JavaScript for Beginners

Learn the fundamentals of JavaScript and add interactive behaviour to webpages using variables, functions, conditions, loops, events and DOM manipulation.

Beginner
Course Overview

Add interactive behaviour to your webpages with JavaScript

JavaScript is a programming language used to make webpages interactive and responsive to user actions. While HTML provides the structure of a webpage and CSS controls its appearance, JavaScript allows the page to respond to button clicks, validate forms, update content, perform calculations and create dynamic user experiences. In this beginner-friendly course, you will learn the essential concepts of JavaScript, including variables, data types, operators, conditions, loops, functions, arrays, objects and browser events. You will also learn how to use JavaScript with the Document Object Model to read and modify webpage content.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain what JavaScript is and how it is used in web development.
  • Understand how JavaScript works together with HTML and CSS.
  • Add JavaScript directly inside an HTML document.
  • Connect an external JavaScript file to a webpage.
  • Use the browser developer console to run and test JavaScript code.
  • Display information using console.log().
  • Write JavaScript comments to explain and organise code.
  • Create variables using let and const.
  • Understand basic data types such as strings, numbers, booleans, arrays and objects.
  • Use arithmetic, assignment, comparison and logical operators.
  • Combine text and variables using string concatenation and template literals.
  • Use if, else if and else statements to make decisions.
  • Use switch statements for multiple conditions.
  • Create repeated processes using for and while loops.
  • Define and call reusable JavaScript functions.
  • Pass information to functions using parameters.
  • Return values from functions using the return statement.
  • Create and access values stored inside arrays.
  • Add, remove and update items in an array.
  • Create objects containing related properties and values.
  • Access and update object properties.
  • Select HTML elements using getElementById() and querySelector().
  • Change webpage text and HTML content using JavaScript.
  • Modify element styles, attributes and CSS classes.
  • Respond to user actions using event listeners.
  • Handle events such as clicks, keyboard input and form submission.
  • Read values entered into HTML form fields.
  • Perform basic client-side form validation.
  • Show and hide webpage elements dynamically.
  • Create, insert and remove HTML elements through JavaScript.
  • Use basic number, string and array methods.
  • Understand the difference between local and global variable scope.
  • Recognise common JavaScript syntax and runtime errors.
  • Use browser developer tools to identify and troubleshoot JavaScript problems.
  • Organise JavaScript code using clear naming and indentation.
  • Create a simple interactive webpage using HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
Begin with the core concepts of JavaScript and gradually build interactive features through clear and practical examples.
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Web Development
Database Maintenance

Learn how to back up, inspect, optimise, repair and secure website databases while maintaining data integrity and reliable application performance.

Intermediate
Course Overview

Keep website databases secure, organised and performing reliably

Website databases store important information such as user accounts, articles, product records, application settings and transaction data. Without regular maintenance, a database may become unnecessarily large, slow, inconsistent or vulnerable to data loss. In this intermediate course, you will learn how to inspect and maintain MySQL or MariaDB databases using tools such as phpMyAdmin and SQL commands. You will also learn how to create reliable backups, restore data, optimise tables, review indexes, remove unnecessary records, check data integrity and troubleshoot common database problems while protecting production information.

Learning Outcomes

What you will be able to do

  • Explain why regular database maintenance is important for websites and web applications.
  • Identify the roles of databases, tables, rows, columns, indexes and relationships.
  • Understand the differences between MySQL and MariaDB.
  • Access and navigate a database using phpMyAdmin.
  • Review database names, table structures, storage engines and character sets.
  • Identify unusually large tables and rapidly growing data.
  • Create a complete database backup before performing maintenance.
  • Export a database using SQL format through phpMyAdmin.
  • Create compressed database backups for easier storage and transfer.
  • Restore a database from an existing SQL backup.
  • Verify that a database backup can be imported successfully.
  • Understand the difference between full, incremental and scheduled backups.
  • Develop an appropriate backup-retention schedule.
  • Inspect database tables for errors or corruption.
  • Use table-checking and repair tools where supported.
  • Optimise tables to recover unused storage space.
  • Understand how deleted or updated records may leave fragmented table space.
  • Review table indexes and explain how they improve query performance.
  • Identify missing, duplicate or unnecessary indexes.
  • Use SQL queries to review and analyse stored data.
  • Apply SELECT, WHERE, ORDER BY and LIMIT safely during inspection.
  • Use COUNT() and other aggregate functions to analyse table contents.
  • Identify duplicate, incomplete or invalid records.
  • Remove obsolete data only after confirming that it is no longer required.
  • Clean expired sessions, temporary records, logs and cached database entries.
  • Understand the risks of running DELETE, UPDATE, DROP and TRUNCATE statements.
  • Use transactions where supported to reduce the risk of incomplete changes.
  • Understand the purpose of primary keys and foreign keys.
  • Check relationships between tables for missing or orphaned records.
  • Review database character sets and collations.
  • Identify character-encoding problems affecting multilingual content.
  • Monitor database storage usage and growth over time.
  • Review slow queries and identify possible performance bottlenecks.
  • Use the EXPLAIN statement to understand how a query is processed.
  • Avoid retrieving unnecessary columns or excessive numbers of records.
  • Review database-user accounts and assigned privileges.
  • Apply the principle of least privilege to application database users.
  • Remove unused database accounts and change exposed credentials.
  • Protect database configuration files containing usernames and passwords.
  • Avoid performing maintenance directly on a production database without a tested backup.
  • Use a staging environment to test significant database changes.
  • Place a website into maintenance mode when database work may affect users.
  • Diagnose common database connection and authentication errors.
  • Troubleshoot import failures caused by file size, timeout or SQL compatibility issues.
  • Document maintenance activities, backups and structural changes.
  • Create a recurring database-maintenance checklist.
  • Verify website functionality after completing database maintenance.
Develop practical database-maintenance skills while protecting website data, performance and availability.
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